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Stephen Michael Reich (; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who, along with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass, pioneered minimal music in the mid to late 1960s.〔Mertens, W. (1983), ''American Minimal Music'', Kahn & Averill, London, (p.11).〕〔Michael Nyman, writing in the preface of Mertens' book refers to the style as "so called minimal music" (Mertens p.8).〕〔"The term 'minimal music' is generally used to describe a style of music that developed in America in the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially connected with the composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass." Sitsky, L. (2002), ''Music of the twentieth-century avant-garde: a biocritical sourcebook,''Greenwood Press, Westport, CT. (p.361)〕 Reich's style of composition influenced many composers and groups. His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (for example, his early compositions ''It's Gonna Rain'' and ''Come Out''), and the use of simple, audible processes to explore musical concepts (for instance, ''Pendulum Music'' and ''Four Organs''). These compositions, marked by their use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm and canons, have significantly influenced contemporary music, especially in the US. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably the Grammy Award-winning ''Different Trains''. Writing in ''The Guardian'', music critic Andrew Clements suggested that Reich is one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history". The American composer and critic Kyle Gann has claimed that Reich "may...be considered, by general acclamation, America's greatest living composer". == Early life == Reich was born in New York City to the Broadway lyricist June Sillman and Leonard Reich. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier, as well as music of the 20th century. Reich studied drums with Roland Kohloff in order to play jazz. While attending Cornell University, he minored in music and graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in Philosophy.〔Paul Griffiths, "Reich, Steve () (Michael)", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).〕 Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein; later he would set texts by that philosopher to music in ''Proverb'' (1995) and ''You Are (variations)'' (2006). For a year following graduation, Reich studied composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961). Subsequently he attended Mills College in Oakland, California, where he studied with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned a master's degree in composition. At Mills, Reich composed ''Melodica'' for melodica and tape, which appeared in 1986 on the three-LP release ''Music from Mills''.〔(Music from Mills ) at AllMusic〕 Reich worked with the San Francisco Tape Music Center along with Pauline Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, and Terry Riley. He was involved with the premiere of Riley's ''In C'' and suggested the use of the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in performance of the piece. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Steve Reich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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